Water heating of a private house - autonomous heating systems (+ schemes)

The heating system in a private house plays an important role, since it is possible to live all year round in such a building. To perform such work, it is necessary to carry out a project, which can then be oriented during the work.

Principle of operation

According to its principle of operation, heating systems are divided into compulsory and natural. In the case of the usual coolant supply, the process is carried out according to the laws of physics, otherwise, a pump is provided in the design circuit.

The natural movement of the coolant occurs according to the principle - warm water after the boiler rises, cooled down - goes to the bottom of the system. In fact, the circulation takes place according to simple laws: the heated water after the boiler moves through the heating pipes, reaches the battery, transfers heat to the rooms through their surface and returns to the boiler in cooled form to repeat the circuit. If heating is planned using a pump that will perform forced circulation, then it should be installed at the return point of cold water to the heating boiler.

Point of installation of the expansion tank during natural circulation

To ensure that the system works with natural circulation, you must follow certain rules:

• the installation point of the expansion tank is located above the radiators;
• the return pipe at its lower point is located below the heating devices;
• a difference is required between the upper and lower pipes;
• when installing the supply and return pipes have different diameters. The supply pipe must be of large cross section.
• The pipeline is laid on a slope. Due to this, water moves by gravity from the expansion tank to the radiators and further to the boiler.

Independence from external factors can be singled out among the advantages of natural circulation. In addition, there will be no need to purchase expensive pumping equipment, the work of which will cause increased pressure, due to which it will be necessary to install safety valves.

Expansion tank of an open system

It must be emphasized that arranged heating can be both open and closed. In the first case, the air has the ability to come into contact with the heating medium. With a closed system, this is excluded. Due to this, oxygen does not get into the coolant, which contributes to increasing the durability of metal elements.

Diaphragm tank for a closed system

In the open version, air is present in the expansion tank, therefore, the pressure in the system is equal to atmospheric.

It should be noted that an open network with the natural principle of water circulation is distinguished by safety and simplicity. And for the device of a closed cycle heating of country houses, this scheme may well satisfy the owners. Moreover, over time, it is easy to convert it into a compulsory one, if there is a need for it.

Artificial circulation of coolant

To do this, you will need to install a pump for circulation and, if necessary, replace the expansion tank .

Application of the scheme and heating boiler

When installing the heating system, it is imperative to ask which scheme to choose - single pipe or two pipe. The first option provides for the serial connection of radiators, in which water, as it passes through the pipeline, gradually releases heat through the batteries and cools. In the second variant, the heaters are independent of each other, therefore the degree of their heating is approximately the same.

Single-pipe horizontal

The single-pipe system is much simpler and cheaper than the alternative one. This applies to the materials used, costs and installation.

Two-pipe with lower wiring

The two-pipe system has other advantages. It is suitable for different conditions, therefore, more versatile than the previous one. In addition, heating is more efficient.

Two-pipe with top wiring

One of the defining moments in the installation of the heating system is the selection and installation of the boiler heating. It should use fuel that is most suitable for certain assessments for a particular region. This may be gas, solid fuel, electricity. The price of these resources in different regions is different. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the rooms, the material of the dwelling, the climatic and geographical strip.

The most popular is water heating, as it is suitable for heating various buildings of various materials. It is only important to correctly calculate the system under certain conditions, then the mounted network will give off heat in the maximum amount.

Installation

Before installation, it is necessary to make a project in the form of an axonometric scheme on which the wiring should be applied and all structural elements should be indicated.

Example of axonometric scheme

When calculated per 3 m² of area, one section of the radiator should fall. There may be unforeseen problems in the network, so you need to add 20% to the calculated indicator. The system will work more reliably.

Heating collector

• Installation begins with the preparatory work. These can be attributed to the trickling of holes for pipes in partitions and finishing niches in which the batteries will be installed. Then the supply and return trunk lines are drawn, the parts and components provided for by the project are installed. If heating of the attic is conceived, collector distributors should be installed.
• The next step is to mount the radiators. For their more efficient operation, behind the batteries, the material from the foil is fixed on the wall to direct part of the heat flux into the room. The taps, taps and fittings are connected to the batteries. Prepared pipes are connected by flushes and fittings. The main pipelines are connected to radiators, a heating boiler, other elements of the network and, if necessary, to the pump.
• If the circulation is natural, then all the taps open and the network is filled with water, while air is displaced from the expansion tank. After the system is filled with water, the latter will fill the tank to a certain point.

Diagonal connection of radiators

Water in the filled system should stand for about half an hour. If there are leaks, they must be eliminated.

At the end, the boiler is turned on, the water is heated to 70º C and the network is re-checked. If there are no leaks and the system functions as expected, we can assume that the work is over.

We recommend the article to be read:

How to make a water-heated floor.

Video

And this is already mounted heating system, assembled according to the scheme, which you can see in the previous video: